在部署openstack云平台环境的时候，需要上传镜像到glance。
首先下载iso镜像，这里下载了centos6.5镜像，放到/usr/local/src目录下
然后用OZ工具制作openstack的镜像*******************************安装libvirt虚拟机软件****************************************
[root@openstack-server src]# yum install qemu-kvm libvirt libvirt-python libguestfs-tools virt-install [root@openstack-server src]# systemctl enable libvirtd && systemctl start libvirtd ************************************************************************************[root@openstack-server src]#yum install -y oz libguestfs-tools
[root@openstack-server src]# pwd
/usr/local/src[root@openstack-server src]# ll CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso #下载的iso镜像-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4467982336 Nov 29 2013 CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso[root@openstack-server src]# cat CentOS6u5-x86_64.tdl #创建tdl 文件<template><name>CentOS6u5-x86_64</name><description>CentOS6u5-x86_64 template</description><os><name>CentOS-6</name><version>5</version><arch>x86_64</arch><rootpw>PASSWORD</rootpw> #这个是虚拟机创建好后，root的登陆密码，密码是在这个镜像里定义的！<install type='iso'><iso>file:///usr/local/src/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso</iso></install></os><commands> #centos7系统里没有/boot/grub/grub.conf文件，这块可以不用写，但写了也无妨。这里我是centos7，也写了<command name='console'>sed -i 's/ rhgb//g' /boot/grub/grub.confsed -i 's/ quiet//g' /boot/grub/grub.confsed -i 's/ console=tty0 / serial=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 /g' /boot/grub/grub.conf</command></commands></template> 在用OZ工具制作openstack镜像，有报错：[root@openstack-server src]# oz-install -u -d3 CentOS6u5-x86_64.tdl #报错如下：..................raise oz.OzException.OzException("Could not find a libvirt bridge. Please run 'virsh net-start default' to start the default libvirt network, or see http://github.com/clalancette/oz/wiki/Oz-Network-Configuration for more information")oz.OzException.OzException: Could not find a libvirt bridge. Please run 'virsh net-start default' to start the default libvirt network, or see http://github.com/clalancette/oz/wiki/Oz-Network-Configuration for more information [root@openstack-server src]# virsh net-start defaulterror: failed to get network 'default'error: Network not found: no network with matching name 'default'查阅资料，说是因为 default 网络不存在
回想了一下，我开始在捣鼓openstack 的时候，可能用命令删除了default，也或许没有启动default网络因为在不同的环境下，default.xml 的存放路径不同，这里笔者以自己的 centos7 为例[root@openstack-server src]# find / -name "default.xml"
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/default.xml/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml/usr/share/backgrounds/default.xml/usr/share/libvirt/networks/default.xml[root@openstack-server src]# virsh net-define /usr/share/libvirt/networks/default.xmlNetwork default defined from /usr/share/libvirt/networks/default.xml[root@openstack-server src]# virsh net-start default
Network default started[root@openstack-server src]# virsh net-list
Name State Autostart Persistent---------------------------------------------------------- default active no yes[root@openstack-server src]#
然后接着再进行openstack镜像的制作： [root@openstack-server src]# oz-install -u -d3 CentOS6u5-x86_64.tdl libvirt bridge name is virbr0Libvirt type is kvmName: CentOS6u5-x86_64, UUID: 0a9b1d18-f517-40ae-9de9-1fd6101878e2MAC: 52:54:00:fb:0b:c9, distro: CentOS-6update: 5, arch: x86_64, diskimage: /var/lib/libvirt/images/CentOS6u5-x86_64.dsknicmodel: virtio, clockoffset: utcmousetype: ps2, disk_bus: virtio, disk_dev: vdaicicletmp: /var/lib/oz/icicletmp/CentOS6u5-x86_64, listen_port: 36050Original ISO path: /var/lib/oz/isos/CentOS-65x86_64-iso.isoModified ISO cache: /var/lib/oz/isos/CentOS-65x86_64-iso-oz.isoOutput ISO path: /var/lib/libvirt/images/CentOS6u5-x86_64-iso-oz.isoISO content path: /var/lib/oz/isocontent/CentOS6u5-x86_64-isoChecking for guest conflicts with CentOS6u5-x86_64Generating install mediaAttempting to get the lock for /var/lib/oz/isos/CentOS-65x86_64-iso.isoGot the lock for /var/lib/oz/isos/CentOS-65x86_64-iso.isoFetching the original mediaFetching the original install media from file:///usr/local/src/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso15kB of 4363264kB10255kB of 4363264kB20494kB of 4363264kB30734kB of 4363264kB40973kB of 4363264kB51212kB of 4363264kB............................................................Cleaning up guestfs handle for CentOS6u5-x86_64SyncingUnmounting allLibvirt XML was written to CentOS6u5-x86_64Aug_30_2016-13:47:18 注意：镜像制作完默认会存放到/var/lib/libvirt/images/ 目录下，可以在/etc/oz/oz.cfg 配置文件中进行修改路径。[root@openstack-server src]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@openstack-server images]# pwd/var/lib/libvirt/images[root@openstack-server images]# lltotal 1087336-rw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 10737418240 Aug 30 13:47 CentOS6u5-x86_64.dsk[root@openstack-server images]# virt-sysprep --add CentOS6u5-x86_64.dsk [ 0.0] Examining the guest ...[ 5.0] Performing "abrt-data" ..............[ 5.0] Setting a random seed[ 5.0] Performing "lvm-uuids" ...
查看文件信息
[root@openstack-server images]# qemu-img info CentOS6u5-x86_64.dsk image: CentOS6u5-x86_64.dskfile format: rawvirtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)disk size: 1.0G上传镜像到 Glance
[root@openstack-server images]# glance image-create --name "CentOS-6.5" --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/CentOS6u5-x86_64.dsk --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --visibility public --progress[=============================>] 100%+------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |+------------------+--------------------------------------+| checksum | 2d16e5ef687fead34fa801aafe37f058 || container_format | bare || created_at | 2016-08-30T06:03:22Z || disk_format | qcow2 || id | 508db9d4-6c9f-459d-8782-065ee8b6f2c2 || min_disk | 0 || min_ram | 0 || name | CentOS-6.5 || owner | 65a0c00638c247a0a274837aa6eb165f || protected | False || size | 10737418240 || status | active || tags | [] || updated_at | 2016-08-30T06:04:26Z || virtual_size | None || visibility | public |+------------------+--------------------------------------+查看镜像
[root@openstack-server images]# glance image-list+--------------------------------------+------------+| ID | Name |+--------------------------------------+------------+| 508db9d4-6c9f-459d-8782-065ee8b6f2c2 | CentOS-6.5 |+--------------------------------------+------------+
登陆openstack界面，发现可以查看到上面已经上传到glance里面的镜像。上面使用OZ工具制作的openstack所需要的Centos6/Centos7镜像的默认大小是10G（如下图）。
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注意：如果不想用OZ工具制作，可以直接下载centos的qcow2格式镜像
下载地址：http://cloud.centos.org/centos 【有centos6/7的镜像】
比如：下载centos7的qcow2格式镜像
#wget http://cloud.centos.org/centos/7/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2上传到 galnce
#glance image-create --name "CentOS-7-x86_64" --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --fileCentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2 --visibility public --progress
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当然，也可以使用OZ工具制作openstack需要的qcow2的Centos7镜像
[root@openstack-server src]# pwd/usr/local/src [root@openstack-server src]# ls CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso[root@openstack-server src]# ls CentOS-7-x86_64.tdl CentOS-7-x86_64.tdl[root@openstack-server src]# cat CentOS-7-x86_64.tdl<template><name>CentOS-7-x86_64</name><description>CentOS-7-x86_64 template</description><os><name>CentOS-7</name><version>2</version><arch>x86_64</arch><rootpw>PASSWORD</rootpw> <install type='iso'><iso>file:///usr/local/src/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso</iso></install></os><commands> <command name='console'>sed -i 's/ rhgb//g' /boot/grub/grub.confsed -i 's/ quiet//g' /boot/grub/grub.confsed -i 's/ console=tty0 / serial=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 /g' /boot/grub/grub.conf</command></commands></template>
[root@openstack-server src]# oz-install -u -d3 CentOS-7-x86_64.tdl
后面的步骤跟上面制作Centos6.5版本的操作一样
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下面是centos6.8版本镜像制作的tdl文件模板：
[root@openstack-server src]# pwd/usr/local/src[root@openstack-server src]# ls CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso[root@openstack-server src]# cat CentOS6u8-x86_64.tdl
<template><name>CentOS6u8-x86_64</name><description>CentOS6u8-x86_64 template</description><os><name>CentOS-6</name><version>8</version><arch>x86_64</arch><rootpw>PASSWORD</rootpw> <install type='iso'><iso>file:///usr/local/src/CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso</iso></install></os><commands><command name='console'>sed -i 's/ rhgb//g' /boot/grub/grub.confsed -i 's/ quiet//g' /boot/grub/grub.confsed -i 's/ console=tty0 / serial=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 /g' /boot/grub/grub.conf</command></commands></template>[root@openstack-server src]# oz-install -u -d3 CentOS6u8-x86_64.tdl
后面的步骤跟上面制作Centos6.5版本的操作一样
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下面说下使用OZ工具制作openstack虚拟化环境下的ubuntu版本镜像的过程记录：
下面以ubuntu12.04版本为例，tdl内容参考OZ在github上的模板样式。
https://github.com/rcbops/oz-image-build/tree/master/templates[root@openstack-server src]# pwd
/usr/local/src[root@openstack-server src]# ls ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso下面ubuntu的tdl模板可直接使用~
[root@openstack-server src]# cat ubuntu-12.04_x86_64.tdl <template> <name>ubuntu-12.04_x86_64</name> <description>Ubuntu 12.04 15GB template</description> <disk> <size>15</size> #镜像大小为15G </disk> <os> <name>Ubuntu</name> <version>12.04</version> <arch>x86_64</arch> <rootpw>ROOT-PW_CHANGE-ME!!!</rootpw> #root账号登录密码 <install type='iso'> <iso>file:///usr/local/src/ubuntu-12.04-server-amd64.iso</iso> </install> </os> <commands> <command name='console'>sed -i 's/splash//g' /etc/default/grubsed -i 's/quiet/console=ttyS0/g' /etc/default/grub/usr/sbin/update-grub </command> <command name='update'>apt-get updateapt-get -y upgradeecho "cloud-init cloud-init/datasources string NoCloud, OVF, Ec2" > /tmp/debconf-selections /usr/bin/debconf-set-selections /tmp/debconf-selectionsrm -f /tmp/debconf-selectionsapt-get -y install cloud-initapt-get clean/usr/sbin/useradd -m stackecho "stack ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoerssed -i 's/^user: ubuntu/user: stack/g' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfgecho -n > /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rulesecho -n > /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules </command> </commands></template> [root@openstack-server src]# oz-install -u -d3 ubuntu-12.04_x86_64.tdl........................Waiting for ubuntu-12.04_x86_64 to finish installing, 1200/1200
Waiting for ubuntu-12.04_x86_64 to finish installing, 1190/1200Waiting for ubuntu-12.04_x86_64 to finish installing, 1180/1200Waiting for ubuntu-12.04_x86_64 to finish installing, 1170/1200............
............Unmounting allLibvirt XML was written to ubuntu-12.04_x86_64Oct_31_2016-23:01:36[root@openstack-server src]# cd /var/lib/oz/isos/
[root@openstack-server isos]# pwd/var/lib/oz/isos[root@openstack-server isos]# ls #发现oz下已经有了ubuntu12.04镜像 Ubuntu12.04x86_64-iso.iso[root@openstack-server src]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@openstack-server images]# lsubuntu-12.04_x86_64.dsk[root@openstack-server images]# virt-sysprep --add ubuntu-12.04_x86_64.dsk [ 0.0] Examining the guest ..............[ 5.0] Performing "lvm-uuids" .[root@openstack-server images]# qemu-img info ubuntu-12.04_x86_64.dsk
image: ubuntu-12.04_x86_64.dskfile format: rawvirtual size: 15G (16106127360 bytes)disk size: 1.3G[root@openstack-server images]# glance image-create --name "ubuntu-12.04" --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-12.04_x86_64.dsk --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --visibility public --progress
[=============================>] 100%+------------------+--------------------------------------+| Property | Value |+------------------+--------------------------------------+| checksum | 15d25f4da354d8fbd5a248fc01894ceb || container_format | bare || created_at | 2016-10-31T15:25:29Z || disk_format | qcow2 || id | 042073da-e6cb-4b0b-97dd-1d5ef5be236a || min_disk | 0 || min_ram | 0 || name | ubuntu-12.04 || owner | 0cd3632df93d48d6b2c24c67f70e56b8 || protected | False || size | 64424509440 || status | active || tags | [] || updated_at | 2016-10-31T15:38:09Z || virtual_size | None || visibility | public |+------------------+-----------------------------------------+[root@linux-node2 images]# glance image-list
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+| ID | Name |+--------------------------------------+---------------------+| 042073da-e6cb-4b0b-97dd-1d5ef5be236a | ubuntu-12.04 |+--------------------------------------+---------------------+
登录openstack界面，发现上面上传到openstack的ubuntu12.04镜像已经有了，镜像大小为15G。
ubuntu各历史版本镜像下载地址：
ubuntu版本升级记录，详情参考：